Sigmund Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory On Personality...

†¢ 1.Sigmund Freud- Psychoanalytic Theory. The Psychoanalytic theory is about personality development and emotional problems. Psychoanalytic theories look at development in terms of internal drives that are unconscious, or hidden from our awareness. There are three basic drives: sexual, survival, and destructiveness. Freud outlined development in phases of â€Å"psychosexual stages† (Gordon and Browne, 2016, p.94) with a body part representing each stage. Oral (birth -2) Mouth source of pleasure: eating, teething. Anal (2-3) Bowel movement source of pleasure: toilet learning. Phallic (3-6) Genital source of pleasure: sex role identification and conscience develops. Latency (6-12) sexual forces dormant: energy put into school work and sports.†¦show more content†¦The Psychosocial Theory places big importance on play and the role of adults in children’s lives. Erikson’s theory is important to my personal teaching psychology because I am a big advocate for play and I think it is crucial to child dev elopment and growth. †¢ 3. Jean Piaget- Theory of Cognitive development The theory of Cognitive development was in response to the belief that thinking was either intrinsic or extrinsic, when Piaget thought that neither offered an explanation. â€Å"The basic premise of cognitive theory is that thinking and learning are processes of interaction between a person and the environment. (Gordon and Browne, 2016, p.103) Maturational and environmental factors are part of the theory in which a set out sequence of cognitive stages by heredity, the environmental factor comes in through the experiences the children have directly influence how they develop. This influenced my philosophy in making me realize that a student’s environment (home life being a big one) and influence their development greatly. With wanting to work in lower income areas, student home life is not the greatest and neither is their development. Most students are developmentally behind and it makes since that their home life and environmental factors have an effect on that. †¢ 4. Constructivist Theory This theory is based out of Piaget’s in which learning is built upon pre-existing knowledge. While there is not a lot ofShow MoreRelatedThe Psychoanalytic Approach . And Some Of The Influential987 Words   |  4 PagesThe Psychoanalytic Approach And Some of the Influential People Behind It Diane L. Williams Clatsop Community College The Psychoanalytic Approach And Some of the Influential People Behind It There are different theoretical approaches to psychology; behaviorist, humanistic, psychoanalytic, and biological. I will be discussing the psychoanalytic approach to psychology and some of the pioneers of this theory. What is the psychoanalytic approach? Psychoanalysis is a form of psychotherapy thatRead MorePsychodynamic Theories And Theories Of The Psychodynamic Theory Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pagespsychodynamic theory in depth as well as its presentation in real life as presented by Sigmund Freud. It presents an analysis of the theory in terms of its historical developments and perspectives as well as the ideas of its main supporters. Further, the paper also attempts to bring to light the hidden and unambiguous assumptions made by the theory concerning individuals, groups, families, systems and communities. Additionally, It will attempt to highlight the relationship that exists between the theory andRead MoreAnalysis Of Holden Uses Defense Mechanisms1157 Words   |  5 Pagesimpulses, wishes, or ideas arising from the id,† (Nevid 471). Nevid explains that according to Freudian theory, defense mechanisms reside in the unconscious part of the human brain because if people were conscious of every single problem, people wou ldn’t be able to function. Therefore, Holden is subconsciously utilizing defense mechanisms in order to shield himself from confronting his problems. One major defense mechanism present in Holden’s behavior is denial. Holden’s resides in an ivory towerRead MoreTheories Of Sigmund Freud And Jean Piaget1420 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopmental Theories Through Our Own Eyes Worldwide there are no two individuals who are identical in behavior or developmental traits. For many reasons, people differ physically, mentally, and emotionally. Through time, behavior has been studied developing into various theories by breaking down personality in hopes to better understand an individual’s way of conducting. To further understand how development works we will be exploring and comparing the psychological theories of three well-knownRead MoreEssay on Sigmund Freud: The Father of Psychoanalysis1580 Words   |  7 Pages Sigmund Freud, also known as the father of psychoanalysis, was born May 6th of 1856 in Freiberg, Moravia. A few years later he moved to Vienna, Austria and years after to England. Sigmund Freud was known for connecting psychological issues with sexual issues. Freud demonstrated a broad perspective on things involving dreams, religion, and cultural artifacts. He focused on different states of the mind, such as unconsciousness. Freu d relied on a local sexual repression issue to create theoriesRead MoreAnalyzing Anna O, Freud. Breuer, Jung Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyzing Anna O Examining the theories of Sigmund Freud, Joseph Breuer and Carl Jung March 20, 2013 1 Bertha Pappenheim, better known as Anna O, in the world of psychology, was 21 years old when she first became a patient of Dr. Josef Breuer. She was said to be a gifted girl, with a high intellect. Sadly, however, she had a series ofRead More`` Rationalizing Malibu `` By Mario Garcia1615 Words   |  7 Pagesof Garcia’s narrator are interpreted in terms of Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychosexual development and the theory of repression. It is believed that the psychosexual development and theory of repression is unconsciously employed by the narrator as a way to prevent himself from dealing with past traumatic events, which led to the creation of Blaine. By using Freud’s psychosexual development and theory of repression, it is concluded that both theories are useful tools for understanding the narrator’sRead MoreHow Relevant Is Freud Today1559 Words   |  7 PagesSigmund Freud was arguably one of the most influential psychologists in the investigation o f personality, and his work can still, to some extent, be considered relevant today. His methods allowed for the first time the investigation of phenomena that were previously difficult to tackle, such as dreams and sexual desires. â€Å"Yes and No† is a justified reply to the question of whether Freud is relevant today in that his ideas on personality were the first to investigate the role of childhood trauma,Read MoreFreuds Psychoanalytic Theory and Method Essay1095 Words   |  5 PagesFreuds Psychoanalytic Theory and Method Sigmund Freud was the creator of Psychoanalysis which means analysis of the mind, Freud developed specific methods of analysing, all of them concentrating on the unconscious mind. This essay will describe Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, method and the techniques he used, describing, Methods of Investigation, Personality Development, Defence Mechanisms and The Psychosexual Stages of Development. Freud believed Read MoreHolden Uses Defense Mechanisms1372 Words   |  6 Pagesimpulses, wishes, or ideas arising from the id,† (Nevid 471). Nevid explains that according to Freudian theory, defense mechanisms reside in the unconscious part of the human brain because if people were conscious of every single problem, people wouldn’t be able to function. Therefore, Holden is subconsciously utilizing defense mechanisms in order to shield himself from confronting his problems. One major defense mechanism present in Holden’s behavior is denial. Holden’s resides in an ivory tower

Athens …Democracy Realized. . . Gregory R. Bowen. History

Athens †¦Democracy Realized? Gregory R. Bowen History 2321: World Civilizations II Feb 20, 2017 The Athenians’ of classical Greece are given credit for being the originators of the democratic model †¦giving inspiration to all future attempts at this system of government. While it was practiced as a direct democracy, with all eligible citizens having the right to vote, the question of just how democratic it really was, must be asked. Who was eligible to vote and participate in political life? What role did women, slaves, and foreigners play in Athens? How accessible was the ability to vote? The answers to these questions will show that while the Athenians practiced a government in which its citizens had more say in their†¦show more content†¦Women were looked upon as inferior to men, unable to add anything meaningful outside of the domestic duties of the household †¦cooking, cleaning, raising children †¦ Entire segments of the population were left with no say in the government, on any level †¦without any real rights that a citizen would enjoy. Out of an estimated 200,000 to 250,000 residents of Athens, only 30,000 to 40,000 were eligible to vote †¦this small size made it feasible to have a direct democracy, but hardly represented the people in total. The accessibility of the assembly also needs to questioned, while it was held on a regular basis and was posted for all to see, not everyone that would have wanted to could make it to Assembly. Members of the military, whether serving in the city or in outside regions, or on excursions in service of the city would not have had the ability to go †¦effectively negating their say in the government. This issue of accessibility also has another negative side †¦the purpose of the reforms of Cleisthenes was to lessen the influence and power of the individual and put it in the hands of the people, but the elite – the rich, were the ones most like to have the luxury of appearing before the assembly to make themselves and their proposals heard. Another segment that that had no say in the government would be the tribute states; while technically not a part of Athens, they were never the less under their rule. Athens would go onShow MoreRelatedProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesManagement, First Edition Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, Information Technology, Seventh Edition Gehrlein, Operations Management Cases, First Edition Harrison and Samson, Technology Management, First Edition Hayen, SAP R/3 Enterprise Software: An Introduction, First Edition Hill, Manufacturing Strategy: Text Cases, Third Edition Hopp, Supply Chain Science, First Edition Hopp and Spearman, Factory Physics, Third Edition Jacobs, Berry, Whybark, and Vollmann Manufacturing

Concepts of Learning Curve Social and Behavioral Sciences

Question: Discuss about the Concepts of Learning Curve for Social and Behavioral Sciences. Answer: Introduction Learning curve: The line which will display the relationship among per unit of the total labor directly and the quantity that is cumulative of the produced services or products. Organizational learning: Process for getting experience with processes and products, attaining efficiency that is greater through investments of other capital and automation. The productivity of it gets enhanced which get gained may be from good work supervision, design of product, tools and methods similarly from learning of the individual worker. These enhancements states that standards that already existed should evaluated continually and set the new ones. (Ritter, 2002) The Effect of Learning This will get represented by line known as the learning curve, which work is to display the relationship among per unit total direct labor and the quantity that is cumulative for the produced service or product. This curve communicates to the task or job which is repetitive and states relationship among productivity and experience: Once firm or operator increases the units, the time needed for producing it got decreased. There is a development of operations with standard time and negligible of learning. Experience curve and function for manufacturing progress will be used for describing the above relationship, whereas this curve usually refers to cost of total value-added for each unit. Competitive Strategy and Learning Curves This enables project managers for producing cumulative quantity for manufacturing the cost per unit. Organizations which opt for emphasizing on low price will rely on the high volumes for maintaining the margins of profit. Thus the learning curve strives down by raising the volume. This tactics start entry into market with competitors. This states that cumulative production of anything will reduce the cost of it. First firms in market should have big benefit due to sell of new comers at very low price and thus suffer the starting initial losses. (Grant, 2004) Figure 1: Based on cumulative and process time Thus with the increased production, any changes to product or market will affect the expected advantages. For instance, formula of learning curve was used management of Douglas Aircraft for reducing the cost for new aircraft and commit for having fixed prices and dates. Learning curve gets disturbed with continuous changes for the planes, and thus not realized the reduction of cost. These issues of financial outcomes end with merger of Douglas Aircraft with McDonnell Company. Building Learning Curves: Here, we are focusing on per unit of labor hour where we can simply use the costs. Following assumptions are made while building the learning curve. For producing the 1st unit direct labor is needed that will be less always from the nth unit of the needed direct labor. Thus, there is a reduction of production time per unit with fixed percentage for production done every time which get doubled. Logarithmic model is used for drawing the learning curve. For nth unit kn labor needed directly is: (Sammut, 2009) kn = k1nb k Table 1: Conversion Factors Where The above figure contains factor of conversion, when multiplied for first unit directly with labor hours, for selected cumulative the average time per unit for the production quantities. r = learning rate (in decimals) b = log r log 2 n = units productive in cumulative numbers k1 = for first unit the direct labor hours Learning Curves Use This will get utilized in number of ways. Below we are providing details view on estimation of labor requirement, Preparation of bid and financial planning. Preparation of Bid Preparing bid for the huge jobs the significant part is estimating the labor costs. With the help of learning curve and knowing learning rate, it can produce the number of units, similarly with wage rates, an estimator can find with the labor cost. After calculating the materials costs and expected labor, an estimator adds the profit which gets obtained from total bid quantity. Financial Planning This uses learning curves for supporting the financial planner that determines the cash amount required for finance operations. This curve will give the basis for comparing costs and prices. For financial drain, this is used as project periods, where expenditures will exceed the receipts. Used for determining the contract price with recognizing per unit of labor costs for contracted units number. It enables financial planner for arranging the finance of operations for various phases. (Meek, 2002) Estimation of Labor Needs Analyst uses learning curve for projecting the needs of direct labor for the provided production schedule. For estimating the training needs and developing the staffing plans and production this data is utilized. Tasks of Learning Curve Breaks in manufacturing Better operation synchronizations and sequencing Rework and Scrap reduction Lot sizes increased Improved Scheduling, planning, work methods and productivity in design Improvement in Tooling Decrement in workstations that are crowded Needs of labor Learning of worker (Ben, 2012) Cumulative average curve It states that the necessity of direct labor man-hours for completing the production per unit will get decreased by the constant percentage every time the quantity of production gets doubled. Learning curve would get 80 percent with the improvement rate among doubled quantities would be 20 percent. It supports in reduction the effect of information variation and produces the statistical models that are good. Learning curve gets extended to cost whereas it mainly emphasized on time. Figure 2: Cumulative and Quantity This Wright method is used best when the production will get prepared will by the contractor and begins as per lead times, suppliers and tooling. This curve will be based on production quantity average cost rather than particular unit of cost. This creates less responsive the Cumulative average cost to trends of cost than the curve cost unit. Manufacturing breaks The production or manufacturing break is the lapse of time among order completion or run of manufacturing for certain equipment units for manufacturing restart or order follow-up for the similar units. This lapse of time disrupts the manufacturing continuous flow and constitutes the impact of definite cost. This lapse time will discuss for important time periods as opposed to hours or minutes used for the like, power failures, machine delays and personnel allowance. Since there is relationship with both time/cost in learning curve, this break will affect both cost and time. Thus, break length becomes important factor of cost. It is very significant for determining at time of manufacturing the break cost. Below figure represents graphically the cause of production break to learning curve which shift it upwards as per learning amount which get lost. (Madhavan, 2007) Figure 3: For log scale graph shows production break Conclusion For planning and operations this learning curves is termed as useful tools but several things are there which managers keep in mind. Firstly, for using learning curve it is necessary to estimate the learning rate, and thus it is difficult to get it. Using averages of industry would be risky as competitive niches and work type differ from organization to organization. Factors on which learning curve depends are capital additions rate and complexity of process. Learning rate will be less pronounced if the process is very simple. More opportunity will be offered for complex process from simple process for enhancing the flow of materials and methods of work. Learning rate alters with automation of direct labor hours replacement that provide less opportunity which made reduction in needed per unit hour. Another significant estimate, if production of first unit is still pending, is that for producing the needed time. This estimation has to get created using past experiences by management w ith products that are similar. In the starting stages of new production of products or services, the greatest benefit was provided by learning curves. Effect of learning is not noticeable, as produced the cumulative units number would becomes huge. These curves are dynamic as they got affected by numerous factors. References Ritter, F. E., Schooler, L. J. (2002). The learning curve, In International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Grant, R. M. (2004), Contemporary strategy analysis, Blackwell publishing, ISBN 1-4051-1999-3 Sammut, C.; Webb, G. I. (2009), Encyclopedia of Machine Learning, p. 578 Meek, C.; Thiesson, B.; Heckerman, D. (2002), "The Learning-Curve Sampling Method Applied to Model-Based Clustering", Journal of Machine Learning Research, 2 (3): 397 Ben Z. (2012). Downtown Abbey, https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=3767 Madhavan, P.G. (2007). "A New Recurrent Neural Network Learning Algorithm for Time Series Prediction", Journal of Intelligent Systems, p. 113